Ovarian cysts are a common concern for women of all ages. While many cysts are harmless and go away on their own, others can cause pain, discomfort, and even fertility issues. In these cases, cystectomy offers a reliable, minimally invasive option to remove problematic cysts while preserving ovarian function. At Paul’s Hospital, we are proud to be leaders in this procedure, ensuring the best outcomes for our patients and helping them maintain their health and fertility.
What is a Cystectomy?
A cystectomy is a surgical procedure used to remove ovarian cysts while keeping the ovary intact. Unlike an oophorectomy, which involves the removal of the entire ovary, a cystectomy is designed to preserve the ovarian function. This makes it an ideal option for women who want to maintain their fertility or avoid the early onset of menopause.
Understanding Ovarian Cysts
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on or inside the ovary. While most cysts are benign and will not cause harm, some can grow large or cause pain and other health problems. There are several types of ovarian cysts, including:
Functional Cysts: These are the most common and typically form during ovulation. They often resolve on their own.
Dermoid Cysts: These cysts contain tissue such as hair, skin, or fat and may require removal if they grow large or cause symptoms.
Endometriomas: These are cysts associated with endometriosis and are filled with menstrual blood.
Cystadenomas: These cysts develop on the surface of the ovary and can grow large.
When is a Cystectomy Needed?
A cystectomy is typically recommended when ovarian cysts cause symptoms or pose health risks. The common reasons for undergoing a cystectomy include:
Persistent or Large Cysts: If cysts do not resolve on their own or grow larger than 5-10 cm, surgery may be needed.
Pain or Discomfort: Cysts can cause severe pelvic pain, bloating, or pressure, affecting the quality of life.
Suspicion of Malignancy: Though most ovarian cysts are benign, cysts with suspicious characteristics may need to be removed for further evaluation.
Fertility Concerns: Cysts that interfere with ovulation or fertility may need to be removed to improve the chances of conception.
Risk of Rupture or Torsion: Large cysts are at higher risk of rupturing or twisting the ovary, both of which can be painful and require emergency care.
How is a Cystectomy Performed?
At Paul’s Hospital, we offer advanced laparoscopic technique for cystectomy, tailored to the patient’s needs and the type of cyst:
Laparoscopic Cystectomy: This minimally invasive procedure involves small incisions and the use of a camera (laparoscope) to remove the cyst. It is ideal for most benign cysts and offers faster recovery times, less scarring, and reduced risk of complications.
Preparing for a Cystectomy
Before undergoing a cystectomy, your gynaecologist at Paul’s Hospital will conduct a thorough medical evaluation, including imaging tests like ultrasound or MRI, to assess the cyst. Blood work, including tumour marker tests, may also be done to rule out malignancy. You will be provided with pre-surgical instructions, such as fasting for 6-8 hours before surgery and informing your doctor of any medications you are taking.
Planning for recovery is also an important step, as you’ll need someone to drive you home after surgery and assist during the early stages of recovery.
What Happens During a Cystectomy?
The procedure itself is typically done under general anaesthesia to ensure you are pain-free during the surgery. The surgeon will make small incisions (laparoscopy) to access and remove the cyst, all while preserving the healthy ovarian tissue. The surgery typically lasts between 30 minutes and 2 hours.
Recovery After a Cystectomy
After your cystectomy at Paul’s Hospital, recovery time will vary based on the procedure used:
Laparoscopic Cystectomy: Most patients can return to normal activities within 1-2 weeks, though some mild abdominal pain and bloating are normal.
Post-surgery, we provide detailed aftercare instructions to ensure a smooth recovery. It is essential to rest, avoid heavy lifting, and keep the surgical site clean to prevent infection. You will also have follow-up appointments to ensure proper healing and discuss pathology results if needed.
Benefits of a Cystectomy
Choosing a cystectomy offers several advantages:
Symptom Relief: Removal of painful or obstructive cysts improves comfort and quality of life.
Preservation of Fertility: By keeping the ovary intact, cystectomy preserves a woman's ability to conceive in the future.
Minimal Scarring: Laparoscopic techniques result in minimal scarring, which is beneficial both cosmetically and medically.
Reduced Risk of Complications: Cyst removal lowers the risk of cyst rupture, torsion, and other emergencies that could harm ovarian function.
Risks and Considerations
While cystectomy is generally safe, there are potential risks that should be considered:
Infection or Bleeding: Though rare, these can be managed with prompt medical care.
Scar Tissue Formation: Adhesions (scar tissue) can develop around the ovary or surrounding organs.
Cyst Recurrence: New cysts may form in the future, requiring monitoring.
A cystectomy at Paul’s Hospital offers an empowering option for women dealing with ovarian cysts, providing relief from symptoms while safeguarding reproductive health. With our expertise in advanced, minimally invasive techniques, we are proud to offer exceptional care that enhances outcomes and improves quality of life. If you’re considering a cystectomy, our team of specialists is here to guide you every step of the way, ensuring you receive the best care possible.
Comments