Ovarian cysts are a common gynaecological issue that many women encounter, often without even knowing it. These fluid-filled sacs that form on or within the ovaries can range from harmless to potentially serious. At Paul’s Hospital, we specialise in advanced diagnosis and personalised treatments to ensure women receive the best care, focusing on preserving overall health and fertility.
Let’s dive into understanding ovarian cysts, their symptoms, and the cutting-edge treatment options available at Paul’s Hospital.
What Are Ovarian Cysts?
Ovarian cysts are pockets filled with fluid or semi-solid material that develop on the ovaries. They can vary in size—from as small as a pea to larger than a grapefruit—and may affect one or both ovaries.
Types of Ovarian Cysts
Ovarian cysts fall into two main categories:
1. Functional CystsThese develop during the menstrual cycle and are typically harmless.
Follicular Cyst: Forms when the follicle doesn’t release an egg during ovulation.
Corpus Luteum Cyst: Develops when the follicle reseals post-ovulation and fills with fluid.
2. Pathological CystsThese are less common and can develop independently of the menstrual cycle.
Dermoid Cyst (Teratoma): Contains tissue like hair or skin.
Cystadenoma: Grows from ovarian tissue and may be filled with fluid.
Endometrioma: Linked to endometriosis, these cysts contain uterine lining tissue.
Recognising the Symptoms
Most ovarian cysts are symptomless, but larger cysts or complications can cause noticeable signs:
Pelvic Pain: Persistent or sharp pain, often on one side.
Bloating or Fullness: A sensation of heaviness in the abdomen.
Irregular Menstrual Cycles: Heavier or skipped periods.
Pain During Intercourse: Discomfort, particularly with deeper penetration.
Frequent Urination: Pressure from a cyst on the bladder.
Nausea or Vomiting: Especially if a cyst causes torsion (twisting of the ovary).
Potential Complications
While most cysts are benign, certain situations require immediate attention:
Ovarian Torsion: A twisted ovary can cut off blood supply, a medical emergency.
Ruptured Cyst: Sudden, intense pain and internal bleeding may occur.
Impact on Fertility: Endometriomas and large cysts can interfere with ovulation.
Malignancy Risk: Rare, but more likely in postmenopausal women.
Advanced Diagnosis at Paul’s Hospital
Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial. At Paul’s Hospital, we offer state-of-the-art diagnostic tools, including:
Pelvic Exams: Routine checks to detect abnormalities.
Ultrasound: Provides detailed imaging of the cyst’s structure.
Blood Tests: Including tumour markers (CA-125) to assess malignancy risks.
MRI/CT Scans: For complex or larger cysts requiring detailed evaluation.
Protecting Your Fertility
Our approach at Paul’s Hospital ensures that fertility preservation is a priority:
Endometrioma Management: Early intervention can improve fertility outcomes.
Post-Surgery Care: Personalised recovery plans to support future pregnancy goals.
When to Seek Help
Consult our specialists if you experience:
Sudden, severe pelvic pain.
Persistent bloating or changes in appetite.
Irregular periods or trouble conceiving.
Empowering Women’s Health at Paul’s Hospital
Ovarian cysts can be effectively managed with the right care and expertise. At Paul’s Hospital, our experienced gynaecology team provides comprehensive diagnosis, personalised treatment, and compassionate support. We’re committed to helping every woman maintain her health and fertility with the latest medical advancements and holistic care.
Your health matters, and so does your peace of mind. Trust Paul’s Hospital to be your partner on this journey toward wellness and well-being.
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